Falling Asleep on the Job: The Story of Narcolepsy Essay example -- Bi

Falling Asleep on the Job: The Story of Narcolepsy Have you ever pulled two all nighters in a row? If you have then you know that afterwards, during the day, you drift off to sleep very easily. You feel physically and mentally exhausted and your body tells you that you need to rest. This is a normal reaction by the body to the lack of sleep. This however is something that people suffering from narcolepsy must deal with on a daily basis even when they have had a full nights sleep. One of the major symptoms they suffer from is overwhelming daytime sleepiness. Imagine you are in a boring lecture and you start to drift to sleep, usually you can manage to force yourself to wake up. This may be common occurrence but try to imagine falling asleep while driving or walking. These situations seem more rare. A narcoleptic’s body doesn’t care what it is doing when it goes into these paralyzed sleeping episodes. The sudden overwhelming feeling drives the narcoleptic person to fall asleep. One type of episode that they experience is called cataplexy, which is usually caused by some stressful situation or other common activities such as laughing or running (6). During these periods the person suffers from muscle weakness and paralysis. Although the person appears to be sleeping, they are still conscious, but unable to move. They can hear and feel but cannot react to stimulation. For this reason narcolepsy is a very dangerous condition to have without receiving treatment because serious vehicle accidents can result as well as an general i nability to succeed in school (6). Another major symptom that affects narcoleptics is called hypnagogic hallucinations, which they experience when they are falling asleep. These hallucinations can in... ... narcolepsy as well. 6) Narcolepsy: Althogh people with the disorder do not fall face-first into their soup as in the movies, narcolepsy is still a mysterious disease. But science has new leads., Siegel really knows what he is talking about. http://www.sciam.com/missing.cfm 7)Mystery of Human Narcolepsy Solved, He is the master of these studies http://websciences.org/narnet/current_news/01_winter1.html 8)University of Pennsylvania Narcolepsy Research Project, A nice summary http://www.nursing.upenn.edu/Narcolepsy/narcolepsy.htm 9)Organization of amygdaloid projections to brainstem dopaminergic, noradrenergic and adrenergic cell groups in the rat, Brain Res Bull, 1992, volume 28, pp 447-454, Very detailed info 10)Living with Narcolepsy, Go info about the lives of Narcoleptics http://www.sleepfoundation.org/publications/livingnarcolepsy.html

Cultural Influences On Emotional Expression and Perception Essay

Everyone is uniquely shaped, and should not be compared with others. Expressing ourselves can differentiate from other expressions since we are unique in each and every way. Some similarities may exist, but not necessarily every aspect of what we tend to express. As defined in the textbook, â€Å"emotional expression is the most important representation of our emotions, and may be similar to others† (Adler, Proctor, and Towne 137). Perception is part of the emotional expression because â€Å"it is the process of selecting, acquiring, interpreting, and organizing sensory information† (wikipedia.org). These two are important because we express what we express with the perception of our emotional expression. Different situations will result in different perception of emotional expression. For example, we may jump when we feel excitement or cry when we feel grief. Every expression we make is appropriate on what we feel in that particular event. We live in a country with a very diverse culture, and everyone is raise differently base on their culture. This paper will talk about the cultural influences on emotional expression and perception. Examples, description, and explanation will also be given to further explain the topic. Although many emotions and expressions of emotions are universal, some differences exist among many cultures. The comparison of both cultural similarity and difference has been very important in the area of emotional expression and perception (Matsumoto par. 2). It is very helpful to know the similarities and differences in emotion across cultures. It helps us understand the role of emotion in our lives and the importance of emotion to our thinking and behaving. People in different cultures categorize emotions differently. Some languages have classification for emotions that are not classified in other languages. It is a belief that nonverbal expressions of emotion differ across cultures, due to the fact that different cultures have different display rules. Display rules are norms that tell people whether, which, how, and when emotions should be displayed (wikipedia.org). The power of cultural norm determines how and when to show emotions that is not actually felt. The comparison of emotions helps us understand the role of emotional expression and nonverbal behaviors in social interactions to improve interaction among people from different cultural backgrounds. In addition, when comparing expressions, people of different cultures agree on which is more strongly expressed? Cross-cultural research indicates that the answer to this question is yes. Itziar and Fernandez compared these differences in paired expression of the same emotion (par. 5). According to the research, the result was that â€Å"ninety-two percent of the time, the ten cultures in their study agreed on which of two expressions was more intense† (Fernandez, Carrera, Sanchez, Paez, and Candia par. 5). For example, looking separately for each emotion, American and Japanese agreed on which photo were more intense in 24 out of 30 comparison. These findings are important because they suggest that people of different cultures use the same visual cues in judging others (Fernandez, Carrera, Sanchez, Paez, and Candia par. 8). The role of culture in emotional control is shown most explicitly through the use of display rules. Display rules are learned, culturally determined norms that govern people’s display of emotions in different social situations (Matsumoto, 1990). Matsumoto (1972) found cultural differences in display rules when a group of Japanese and American students were shown stressful film stimuli in two conditions. In the alone condition, both the Japanese and American students displayed the same negative facial expressions of fear, disgust, and distress. However, when the experimenter was present, the Japanese students smiled to mask their negative emotions while the Americans continued to exhibit their negative affects. Furthermore, a study by Matsumoto (1990) found that Americans rated disgust and sadness as more appropriate in in-groups than did the Japanese. In contrast, the Japanese rated anger as more appropriate in out-groups than did the Americans. The above findings suggest that the Japanese and American students utilized different sets of display rules which influenced either their expression or inhibition of their emotions (Matsumoto par. 2). The different sets of display rules can be understood in terms of the American and Japanese emphasis on individualism versus collectivism respectively. Individualism and collectivism are dimensions of cultural variability that refer to the degree to which a culture encourages individual needs, wishes, desires, and values over that of the group  (Matsumoto, 1990). For example, individualistic cultures emphasize individual goals and independence. Collectivist cultures, on the other hand, stress collective goals and dependence on the group (Matsumoto, 1989). It could be understood in this context that the expression of negative emotions in an in-group setting is regarded as extremely negative in collectivist countries, since the manifestations of such emotions threatens the interdependent relationship of the group. In an individualist country, however, the expression of both positive and negative emotions may feel right and good since such expressions highlight both the separation of self from others and the individual’s private, internal attributes (Forgas and Bond, 1994). What may feel good then, in this case the inhibition or expression of emotions, is largely dependent on one’s culture and socialization. To take this idea a step further, the correlation between emotional inhibition and well-being, either negative or positive, may be dependent on one’s respective culture. A past research on the relationship between emotional control and well-being has yielded conflicting findings. Where one line of research suggests that the active inhibition of emotions will lead to an increase in physiological arousal and a decrease in well-being, the other proposes that the inhibition of emotions will result in a higher level of well-being. The aim of the present study is to unravel parts of the conflict by examining the influence of gender and culture on the relationship between emotional control and well-being in two ethnic groups, Asians and Caucasians (Aeker and Williams par. 10). Furthermore, seventy-nine participants were asked to fill out questionnaires assessingtheir level of emotional inhibition, subjective well-being, and identification with anindividualistic versus collectivist culture. Results found that Caucasians and Asians differed onthe individualism-collectivism scale, with Caucasians being more individualistic and Asiansmore collectivists. The effect of culture was found with Caucasians having a negative correlationbetween emotional inhibition and well-being while Asians having an almost zero correlation. Influence of gender was also found in which increases in the level of emotional inhibition isnegatively correlated to well-being for the female sample, but for the male sample, there wasagain a zero correlation. An interactive effect of culture and gender was also found with Asianmales having the most positive correlation between emotional inhibition and well-being, andCaucasian females having the most negative correlation between emotional inhibition and well-being. Explanations of the findings in terms of gender and cultural norms are discussed(Matsumoto par. 5). The interacting effects of cultural and gender norms were also demonstrated. Asian maleswho were high on emotional inhibition were highest on well-being and Caucasian females whowere high on emotional inhibition were lowest on well-being. The results could be understood inthe context that Asian males are socialized by both their gender and cultural norms to inhibit their emotions. The act of inhibition is then consistent with what they believe they should do. Caucasian females, on the other hand, are told by both their gender and cultural norms to express their emotions. The act of inhibition is then contradictory to these expectations. It makes sense then that when one’s actions are consistent with one’s perceived cultural and gender expectations, the result would be a higher level of well-being than when the actions are contradictory to the expectations. Though the results demonstrate that both culture and gender influence the relationship between emotional control and well-being, the present study also has important limitations. First, the emotional inhibition scale measures the inhibition of both positive and negative emotions. It can be understood from a collectivist context why the inhibition of negative emotions is valued because the expression of such emotions is deemed threatening to the group. However, the expression of positive emotions is not only non-threatening but can actually facilitate group harmony. It can then be predicted that for negative emotions, inhibition will correlate positively with well-being. However, since the inhibition of positive emotions is contrary to the cultural norms, the inhibition of positive emotions will correlate negatively with well-being. Since the emotional  inhibition scale combined both types of emotions, we can speculate that there might be a canceling effect, resulting in the zero co rrelation found for the Asian sample. Furthermore, the Asian sample in the present study consists of students from U.C. Berkeley. It can be speculated that these students have to some extent acculturated into the American system and perhaps have embraced parts of the individualist culture, such as the value of expressiveness. Though the ICIAI depicts significant cultural difference between the Asians and Caucasian sample, the issue of acculturation can be reduced with cross-cultural research comparing the U.S. population with the Asian population. To investigate further the meaning of differences, Matsumoto (1993) showed ratings from Japanese and Americans on smiling versus non-smiling faces with regard to intelligence,attractiveness, and sociability. Americans rated smiling faces as more intelligent than neutral faces; the Japanese, however, did not. Americans and Japanese both found smiling faces more sociable than neutral faces, but for the Americans the difference was greater. These differences suggest that cultural display rules cause of Japanese and Americans to attribute different meanings to the smile, and serve as a good explanation for perceived major differences in communication styles across cultures. Evidently, the study has contributed to the understanding of the relationship between emotional expression and culture. Although results have shown that there are definitely effects of culture on emotional expression and perception, the future research is needed to extend the influence. For example, a study measuring the expression of positive and negative emotions separately will be easier to understand on how cultural norms affect the emotional expression and perception. The finding of cultural influence is a great step forward in understanding the role of emotional expression. However, it is just the beginning in investigating the complex between the control of emotions and our perception. Summing up, this paper talked about the different expressions the people in  different cultures gave. Everyone is brought up differently and taught differently. Therefore, we express our emotion differently because of the surroundings we grew up in, and the people that influenced us. Although people in certain parts of the world are different in terms of the background, tradition, and norm and so on, all of us are crossing that barrier on having friends by effective communication. We shouldn’t prejudice other persons before thoroughly knowing them because stereotyping is typically wrong. If people start to get to thoroughly understand differences of others, then this will become the beginning of making best friendships than ever. Bibliography Adler, Ronald B., Russell F. Proctor, and Neil Towne. Looking Out Looking In. Belmont, CA: Thomson Wadsworth, 2005. Aeker, Jennifer L. and Patti Williams. â€Å"Empathy Versus Pride: The Influence of Emotional Appeals Across Cultures.† The Journal of Consumer Research 25.3 (1998): 241-61. Fernandez, Itziar, Pilar Carrerra, Flor Sanchez, Dario Paez, and Luis Candia. â€Å"Differences Between Cultures in Emotional Verbal and Non-Verbal Reactions.† Psicothema 12 (2000): 83-92. Forgas, Joseph P. and Michael H. Bond. â€Å"Cultural Influences on the Perception of InteractionEpisodes.† Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 11.1 (1985): 75-88. Matsumoto, David. â€Å"American-Japanese Cultural Differences in Judgments of Emotional Expressions of Different Intensities.† Cognition and Emotion 16.6 (2002): 721-47.

Essay on Reality Television has Affected Society Negatively

Reality television has affected many areas of society negatively. The world has allowed what is being seen on television, not only dictate but copy and define, what society seems to think is real life situations are. Violence is one of the negative effects that I am going to shine a light on. A slap here, a table flip there, and if were lucky, an all-out brawl violence was once just a scene-stealer on todays reality shows, but it now has become a part of some stars real lives. If recent incidents on reality television are a gauge for what’s considered acceptable content, it seems the genre may have finally reached an all-time low with popular shows such as â€Å"Teen Mom† and â€Å"Jersey Shore† and †Love and Hip Hop† airing disturbing scenes of†¦show more content†¦In the APA Psych Net, they did a study on meta-analysis; they examined 118 studies of the psychosocial outcomes of children exposed through both parent’s violent actions a nd the outcome of their future. Similar studies showed a significant connection between exposure and child problems. Group comparison studies showed that witnesses had significantly worse outcomes relative to no witnesses and children from verbally aggressive homes, but witnesses outcomes were not significantly different from those of physically abused children or physically abused witnesses. My method towards this changing this is creating my own reality shows that completely go against reality shows. I figured the irony of things will really be an eye opener and on both perspectives of the †reality star† and the viewer. I feel we should promote more positive things in life not just violence. Media now-a-days know they influence society and particular audiences, so why not promote positive things such as successful relationship that work things out with conversations and considerations. Relationships aren’t always a bad situation, some show actual love. I feel if we take a group of children who have lived in domestic violent homes and show them love and caring relationships on a show then their views and actions will change in their own relationships. I feel their views on relationships and anything will be more positive. My results will be positive because myShow MoreRelatedReality Television : Is It Reality?849 Words   |  4 PagesIs it Reality? Pop culture is popular culture that dominates a society at a point in time. Today, reality television is a part of the society’s popular culture (Johnson 289). The question is why? Reality television is a genre of television programming that focuses on members of the public living in conditions made by the creator, and displays how people are intended to behave in everyday life (Johnson 290). 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Four Factors of an Aircraft in Flight - 655 Words

â€Å"The human being is set apart from all other animals by an intelligent, reasoning mind. Another quality that humans seem to possess is an inherent drive to utilize that mind to achieve to recognize challenges and to attempt conquer them† (Smith, 1992, p. 1). One of my favorite person that I used to read about in high school was Benjamin Franklin; one of the founding Father of the United States of America and the master mind behind the invention of electricity. As stated in the words of Smith, the curiosity of Franklin lead him to discover how electricity works. This same driven factor of human mind was what led the Wrights Brother to invent and fly the first power aircraft. The four forces that are acting on an aircraft in flight are: Lift, Weight, Thrust and Drag. â€Å"The airplane stays up because it doesn’t have the time to fall† (Wrights Brothers). One of the unique quality/ characteristic that differentiate aircraft from all other vehicles is its abili ty to get up in the air and stay for a long period of time. The force that raises an object into the air is called lift. The force that acts against this lift force is called weight. The left principle states that in order for an object to be lifted off the ground, the weight of that object should be less than the air surrounding it. Now you might be asking, why is it that aircraft which is heavier than car fly but car don’t? The answer to this question lies within the engineering of an aircraft. An aircraft has somethingShow MoreRelatedAre You Safer Without A Pilot?1590 Words   |  7 PagesUnmanned Flight According to James Albaugh, president and CEO of Boeing Commercial Airlines, â€Å"A pilotless airliner is going to come; it’s just a question of when. 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The case for walmart - 989 Words

The Case for Wal-Mart Is Wal-mart the ideal store to shop it? Austrian economic and business professional Karen De Coster and banker Brad Edmonds believe that Wal-mart improves the lives of people in rural areas because it gives them access to a lifestyle that they would not have if Wal-mart did not exist. Karen De Coster is a freelance writer she is a graduate student in Austrian economics, and is also a business professional from Michigan. Although she has not finished her first book , she has written many other articles on many other things for example in August of 2009 she wrote â€Å"I’m the Government and I’m Here To Lie To You† . Brad Edmonds is a banker in Alabama. These authors are making an effort to inform people†¦show more content†¦They are able to take out valuable facts and information from their own knowledge and from research they were able to accumulate. â€Å"families who shop carefully at Wal-mart can actually budget more for inve sting on children funds or entertainment. And unlike other giant corporations , Wal-mart stores around the country make an attempt to provide a friendly atmosphere by spending money to hire greeters, who are often people who would have difficulty finding any other job.This is a partial solution to shoplifting problems; the solution Kmart applied (â€Å"Hey, whats in the bag?†) didnt work as well†(Brad Edmonds and Karen de Coster) This displays logos by staggering us with a factual paragraph stating that if someone really wanted to save money by shopping at Wal-mart they would have to do it carefully and then they would be able to invest on a childs fund for college or be able to save that money by investing it on something else. And Unlike other mom and pop shops Wal-Mart draws you back each time because they hire people that have a more difficult to time finding an ordinary job either because of their criminal records or because of a disability, unlike other store s they have greeters that make Walmart a more hostile environment to shop at. This strengthens her claim because it shows fact about how Wal-mart has a plan to be outgoing and be able to make it. Although they use appeals toShow MoreRelatedWalmart case902 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿ Summary Walmart is the world’s largest retailer with more than 8,400 stores globally and is now considering going green. Walmart moves massive amounts of products and uses a lot of other resources to operate its business and now they are trying to transform itself into a company that is seen as environmental friendly. 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These areas are as follows: †¢ Personnel †¢ Environmental †¢ Sound Business Practices In addition I will offer recommendations for improvement in these areas. Analysis of the issues: Personnel In orderRead MoreWalmart Case Study950 Words   |  4 PagesWalmart Case Study Case study Questions and Answers: 1- Examine the development of Wal-Mart over its 40 year history. It is now nearly half a century since Walmart exists. From humble beginnings in the 1960s in Arkansas to the world’s leading retailer, Walmart has come a long way to its success. Starting domestically in Arkansas, it was dedicated to its principals; genuine customer courtesy, a culture of respect for the individual and everyday low prices. In the 1960s, Sam Walton, the founder

Starbucks Solvency Case Free Essays

STARBUCK’S ASSIGNMENT Question 2 Short-term liquidity: Starbuck’s current ratio has increased from 1. 29 to 1. 83 between 2009 and 2011. We will write a custom essay sample on Starbucks Solvency Case or any similar topic only for you Order Now At the same time its quick ratio has also increased to a healthy 1. 36 percent in 2011. It is clear that current liabilities are decreasing at a faster rate than current assets. Thus the company’s ability to meet its obligations in the short-term should not be a problem. Starbucks’ liquidity looks healthy going forward as it has a healthy receivables turnover at 33. 95 in 2011, whilst the average collection period is at 10. 75. Long-term Solvency: The debt to equity ratio dropped from 2010 levels where it was at 0. 74 to 0. 68 in 2011 which means that there has been a reduction in financial risk and an improvement in solvency. This may largely be explained by the increase in retained earnings. The interest coverage is between 4 and 5 times meaning that Starbucks is not at any high risk of default on its debt obligations. Thus the risk of insolvency is highly mitigated. Profitability: The return on equity (ROE) for Starbuck’s has improved greatly from 14. 12% in 2009 to 30. 91% in 2011. The return on assets (ROA) has followed a similar trend growing from 9. 99% in 2009 to 25. 15% in 2011. This suggests that for any potential investors Starbuck’s is a lucrative proposition at least to the extent that past performance is a reliable predictor of future performance. P-E Ratios: Given its size Starbuck’s is not likely to see any extraordinary growth and as such a P-E ratio of 23. 65 in 2011 is reasonable even though it shows a drop from 2009 levels. Of an interest is the fact that over the same period Starbucks EPS have actually grown by up to 200% from 0. 53 to 1. 66. It is clear that investors do not expect any rapid growth in the company’s net income but rather more stable growth. Question 3 With regard to short-term liquidity it is clear that Starbuck’s is doing better than the industry where the current ratio averages out at about 0. 7 and the quick ratio at about 0. 3. Insofar as solvency is concerned Starbuck’s also does better than the industry where debt-equity ratios have reached peaks of 128. 075, whilst industry interest coverage averages out at about 1 or 2 times. Thus Starbuck’s is more solvent than a lot of its peers in the industry. Starbuck’s is also more profitable than the industry where both ROE and ROA average below 20%. Starbucks’ P-E ratio of 23. 65 in 2011 shows that the market expects Starbucks to grow its net income faster than the industry average growth rate which is given by an industry P-E ratio that averages out at about 16. Question 4 Up until 2008 Starbucks registered stable growth, growing its ROE from 14. 10% in 2003 to 29. 81% in 2007. During this same period the return on sales number remained steady around 7%. However it’s ROE plummeted in 2008 to 13. 21%, only recovering in 2010 and peaking at 30. 1% in 2011. At the same time its return on sales dropped to a record 3% in 2008. The drop in 2008-2009 is partly explained by the economic downturn of 2008. Starbucks situation was certainly not helped by the fact that it had a liquidity problem that had persisted since 2005 with quick and current ratios below 1. 0. Starbucks has since seen its short-term liquidity improve wi th its quick and current ratios recovering in 2010 and 2011 to levels above 1. 0. Improved liquidity has also come with improved profitability with the return on sales number peaking at 10. 65% in 2011. How to cite Starbucks Solvency Case, Essay examples

New Technologies Have Introduced In IT Sector - Free Samples

Question: How To The New Technologies Have Introduced In IT Sector? Answer: Introduction Nowadays, various new technologies have introduced in IT sector that are useful to perform different activities that are related to both business purpose and for personal usage. These terminologies have enhanced the proficiency of work and people are getting better business results. The purpose of making this report is to emphasize on some essential terminologies that have become so popular worldwide such as Just-In-Time, E-Commerce, SaaS, Strategic Planning, Extranet etc. Discussion To use IT terminologies in an effective manner, their fundamental knowledge is required. I will discuss basics about these IT terms in upcoming paragraphs. Just-In-Time Delivery This terminology is commonly known as JIT. It is highly recommended to manage stock related activities. All those companies that perform manufacturing tasks repetitively, they prefer to use JIT terminology. Moreover, it is useful for decreasing holistic cost of inventory (Investinganswers.com, 2017). E-Commerce It is the most effective and highly used terminology among people worldwide. It is used by majority of people for online shopping and as well as business enterprises are also moving towards electronic commerce for attracting most of customers (The Balance, 2017). SaaS SaaS is a cloud computing model that provides efficient cloud services to its users. It works as a third party agent in case of host applications and make them available online to different users. SaaS model of cloud platform is easier to understand and maintenance of this model is flexible as compare to other cloud models (SearchCloudComputing, 2017). Strategic Planning In every business enterprise strategic planning is considered to be important for implementing various business activities effectively. This whole process of strategic planning consists of direction, strategy and effective decision making for allocation of different resources. Supply Chain Systems This system relates to transfer of a product and service from suppliers side to customers side. Besides this, it is hardwork of supplier to develop a feasible and appropriate supply chain. Decision Support System is an effective decision making system which is helpful for business enterprises to make critical decisions without any delay (Aliev, 2017). Cloud Infrastructure Cloud based infrastructure is effective and secured enough to manage cloud related services. This infrastructure consists of some important components such as servers, storage and network software and with the help of these components requirements of cloud computing model can be achieved. Web 2.0 is the recent stage of online technology. Due to its more features, it is considered to be better than previous versions of web technologies. The new extensive features of Web 2.0 are availability of smooth and clear communication modes and connectivity of strong and reliable network solutions (WhatIs.com, 2017). This private network is used for sharing important business information or operations with customers and suppliers in a secured way. Now, organizations can send their data online without any worry about privacy and security of their information (SearchEnterpriseWAN, 2017). To evaluate large data sets that are commonly known as big data, this evaluation process is implemented. Under this process, hidden patterns, market trends and unfamiliar correlations are revealed. The management of Big Data is considered complex for some enterprises, so with proper analysis solution can be found. Essential Elements of Data Mining After analysis we got to know about essential elements of data mining that are useful for statistical analysis. The most common elements of data mining are an appropriate question, background, computers, data records and domain knowledge. Each elements has its own importance in whole process of data mining. Here question is related to need of customer, background is past facts about data mining and this process can be used for future predictions. Furthermore, computers can be used to find best forecasters with proper combinations. On other side, data records are maintained in a flat file that are used in future for decision making and to perform different operations. To provide a better guidance for modelling a process, algorithms of data mining work as a knowledge domain (Ifm.eng.cam.ac.uk, 2017). Critical Understanding of Reserve Stock Level in ERP This function of ERP is related to supply of inputs that are kept reserve in some cases to manage the situations in future when demand and supply fluctuates. Reserve Stock Level works as a buffer where large amount of inventory is stored to manage uncertain future. The critical factor about this function of ERP that makes it difficult to understand are its complexity, difficult maintenance and dynamic effects on operations (MBA Skool-Study, 2017). Business risk faced by Liberty Wines In case study of Business Continuity, the main risk factor for Liberty Wines Company was enlargement in overall size of company. Besides this, to provide IT related facilities more data is required and gradually slow performance of IT systems that requires quick maintenance. This risk factor is affecting productivity of employees and delay is found in their work due to lack of efficiency in IT systems. Furthermore, inventory management functions and order processing are also influenced by due to IT risk factors (Enisa.europa.eu, 2017). Influence of IT infrastructure on Competitive Advantage If I talk about impact of IT on competitive advantage of Liberty Wines Company then there is no doubt to say that it puts positive influence. With usage of IT infrastructure, the cost has reduced in case of power consumption, hardware replacements and improvement is also found in flexibility and sustainability of backup system. New mobile apps have also contributed to increased overall speed of business processes. Moreover, with the help of all these facilities of IT infrastructure, the customer relationships of company has very much improved (Ecommerce, 2017). Profits of Server Virtualization for Liberty Wines Company and its Environment By using server virtualization into company, the number of servers has decreased. This results in 60% less consumption of power and air conditioning. The stock management and customer relationships have also improved in company with the proper usage of server virtualization. Problems of Data and IT that limit ability of FinCENs The main data problem that is found in FinCENs Company is unpredictable quality and standardization of data. Moreover, validation regarding deficiency of data is also found. In case of IT, the crucial problem is regarding usage offline systems to report data. This leads to lack of quick detection of emerging threats in IT field (I, Eisenhauer, 2017). Capabilities and Upgrades of IT required by FinCEN The IT upgrades and capabilities are beneficial for FinCENs Company for appropriate collection and analysis of data from variety of important resources. This data is further used by law enforcement, federal states and regulatory authorities and it is delivered to them by company itself. With the help of upgrading of IT, it has become easier for FinCEN to receive, process and retrieve data in digital form. These all new modifications in IT has enhanced the customers convenience. Main Factor of Dependency of Financial Intelligence The key factor of dependency of financial intelligence is appropriate form of data analytics to evaluate different types of relationships and patterns. With the help of these patterns, potential illegal activities can be revealed (Prezi.com, 2017). Importance of Patterns and Relationships to National Security The assessment of patterns and relationships that are related to national security is necessary because it increases the ability, pace of identification of money launderers and financers of terrorist activities. Besides this, all causes of criminal activities are also found with the help of national security patterns and relationships. Latest Identified Financial Crimes of FinCEN According to business case study Financial Intelligence Fights Frauds it is found that recent recognized financial crimes of FinCEN are concerned with money laundering. This problem was also faced by another company Liberty Reserve and it was detected by FinCEN Company. Conclusion In conclusion, I would recommend business enterprises to deal with IT terminologies effectively because they can get better results. In this report, basic knowledge about latest terms have mentioned which is required to start work with these terms. In modern era, it has become essential for business enterprises to sustain itself in competitive market but it will be difficult to perform unless they do not adapt emerging technologies. FinCEN and Liberty Wines companies are examples that shows positive influence of IT technologies. References SearchCloudComputing. (2017). What is Software as a Service (SaaS)? - Definition from WhatIs.com. Retrieved 29 August 2017, from https://searchcloudcomputing.techtarget.com/definition/Software-as-a-Service Investinganswers.com. (2017). Just in Time (JIT) Definition Example | Investing Answers. Retrieved 29 August 2017, from https://www.investinganswers.com/financial-dictionary/businesses-corporations/just-time-jit-89 SearchEnterpriseWAN. (2017). What is extranet? - Definition from WhatIs.com. Retrieved 29 August 2017, from https://searchenterprisewan.techtarget.com/definition/extranet WhatIs.com. (2017). What is Web 2.0 ? - Definition from WhatIs.com. Retrieved 29 August 2017, from https://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/Web-20-or-Web-2 Aliev, R. (2017). Hybris WMS/ERP Integration: Stock Levels and Reserves. hybrismart | SAP hybris under the hood. Retrieved 29 August 2017, from https://hybrismart.com/2016/10/02/2339/ MBA Skool-Study. (2017). Buffer Stock Definition | Operations Supply Chain Dictionary | MBA Skool-Study.Learn.Share. Retrieved 29 August 2017, from https://www.mbaskool.com/business-concepts/operations-logistics-supply-chain-terms/7353-buffer-stock.html Prezi.com. (2017). Financial Intelligence Fights Fraud. Retrieved 29 August 2017, from https://prezi.com/mwkngk-jnqvo/financial-intelligence-fights-fraud/ Enisa.europa.eu.(2017). Security certification practice in the EU - Information Security Management Systems - A case study ENISA. Retrieved 29 August 2017, from https://www.enisa.europa.eu/publications/security-certification-practice-in-the-eu-information-security-management-systems-a-case-study I, Eisenhauer, T. (2017). Intranets VS Extranets - What's the difference?. Axero Solutions. Retrieved 29 August 2017, from https://axerosolutions.com/blogs/timeisenhauer/pulse/165/intranets-vs-extranets-what-s-the-difference The Balance. (2017). What Is Ecommerce? Are You Sure You Know? Retrieved 29 August 2017, from https://www.thebalance.com/let-s-ask-the-basic-question-what-is-ecommerce-1141599 Ecommerce. (2017). Entrepreneur. Retrieved 29 August 2017, from https://www.entrepreneur.com/topic/ecommerce Ifm.eng.cam.ac.uk.(2017). JIT Just-in-Time manufacturing. Retrieved 29 August 2017, from https://www.ifm.eng.cam.ac.uk/research/dstools/jit-just-in-time-manufacturing/